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Although Secure Key was effective, adoption rates were low - it was generally used only by few security-conscious individuals.

In 2007, PayPal was trying to increase security by introducing MFA to its customers in the form of its one-time password ( OTP) key fob: Secure Key. The service can then authenticate the user by requesting that the registered device sign a challenge with the private key. The user's FIDO-enabled device creates a new key pair, and the public key is shared with the online service and associated with the user's account. The user is prompted to insert and touch their personal U2F device during login. With U2F, authentication requires a strong second factor such as a near field communication ( NFC) tap or USB security token. During authentication, the client device proves possession of the private key to the service by signing a challenge, which involves a user-friendly action, such as providing a fingerprint, entering a PIN, taking a selfie or speaking into a microphone. With UAF, the client device creates a new key pair during registration with an online service and retains the private key the public key is registered with the online service. By abstracting the protocol implementation with APIs, FIDO also reduces the work required for developers to create secure logins for mobile clients running different OSes on different types of hardware.įIDO supports the Universal Authentication Framework (UAF), the Universal Second Factor (U2F) protocols and FIDO2. FIDO's local storage of biometrics and other personal identification is intended to ease user concerns about personal data stored on an external server in the cloud. Unlike password databases, FIDO stores personally identifiable information, such as biometric authentication data, locally on the user's device to protect it. FIDO is developed by the FIDO Alliance, a nonprofit organization that seeks to standardize authentication at the client and protocol layers.įIDO specifications support multifactor authentication ( MFA) and public key cryptography. FIDO (Fast Identity Online) is a set of technology-agnostic security specifications for strong authentication.